Human dignity

Human dignity Human Dignity 1 Introduction Catholic Social Teaching is developed of both Sacred Scripture and the Natural Law custom. In the philosophical Natural Law, we have a vocabulary that tries to hold on reasons. To this the Natural law says and declares that all Human Beings have all have a broad spectrum of right and wrong. In fact, Thomas Aquinas reasons that â€Å"some goods are natural and evident to all†. This uniqueness of nature is the groundwork of the liberties and privileges of every human individual. Although some countries dont recognise these rights or privileges, these privileges are the dignity of a person from the moment of conception. The dignitys objective, derives from the origin in God and Creator, which extends to the spirituality of the soul which is an element key . Nobody can remove the spirituality of the soul, and everyone should have respect in others and in themselves. This spiritual element involves equal dignity and it lingers in each stage of in period of the personal human life. Natural dignity is recognised in the order, as like Vatican II reminds us: â€Å"Furthermore, while there are rightful differences between people, their equal dignity as persons demands that we strive for fairer and more humain conditions† Dignity is possessed by one who is a person or human, and therefore this is the distinction which animals differ from humans. For this reason, what shall be left of humans if dignity is taken away from them? In his Summa Teologica which was up to 2,000,000 words and still unfinished at the time of his death, Thomas Aquinas wrote: â€Å"Is in order perfect himself in his specific order, the person must do good and avoid evil. The person must also be concerned for the transmission and preservation of life, refine and develop the richness of the material world, cultivate social life, seek truth, practise well and contemplate beauty†. The natural law, is described, in so far, as natural right and in order for a human to achieve common good, one must have full esteem for human dignity. In the International Declarations we find the protection of ever human beings dignity. It gives essence of the rights of men and the assurance of equality. 2 What is Humanity? Humanity can be seen in many forms, forms which are opposite and conflicting which are put forward by many people. Humanity is also referred to as uncertainty and sorrow or distress and the Church shows it concern about these hitches, in fact the Church itself can propound a clarification by which the shape of humanity may be illustrated. The Church also explains the vulnerability and difficulty of humanity in a manner which the dignity and calling/vacation be professed in the divine, true light. In the Sacred Scriptures we see that it illustrates how women and men were created â€Å"in the image of God† What are women and men that you are mindful of them, their sons and daughters that you care for them? You have made them little less than angels, and crown them with glory and honour. You have given them dominion over the works of your hands; you have put all things under their feet (Ps 8:5-8). 1 3 Of the dignity of human person and law The essential nature of the fundamental right of the human person, and amongst them the primary right to life, seems to have always consisted of the fact that they can be neither conceded nor derogated by any human power. This is because these rights have their foundation not in an act of human will, but in the very nature and dignity of men. The exact dignity of a human person is frequentlu recognizable by the various human cultures that brought the light of the fundamental rights of the Universal Declaration. In the porous of the declaration on reads: â€Å"the recognition of the personal dignity and the equal and alienable rights of all the members of the human family constitute the basis of freedom and peace in the world† and â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights† The dignity of a person is set out in many situations. Some Christian Anthropologists explain how a person seen in the image of God, possesses the dignity of a person and is to be respected and treated as a person from the very beginning of his conception till his death. For believers, an embryo has the dignity and the quality of a person, and it doesnt need to have achieved certain skills to have dignity. These principles mentioned are all principles believed of course, by beleivers who beleive in the Church and most of all in Christ. So what non-believers believe and think about human dignity, is difficult to be elucidated. Moral necessity also takes a major part in dignity as dignity is a unique excellence of values. For example animals are killed for specific reasons to be eaten by human beings, but if they are slaughtered or killed on order to take their fur for aesthetic purposes, then this goes against nature and the personal dignity forbids any such acts. The world has become a dangerous place. This is a fact. Human dignity gets into place in many circumstances. Every time we switch on our televisions or our radios, all we hear are; terrorism which creates a vicious cycle of violence, abduction, war, poverty, cases of natural catastrophes and people turning out without homes, racism and daily needs. Another issue of human dignity may also be the emancipation of a person by a state. For a man to live in dignity, it is precisely necessary that society never again obtains as an abstraction over and above the social individual. Even acts of inhuman and degradation especially in third world countries not to mention Sharia Laws in Iran, where women are put in shame, murdered brutally or worse are tortured, leaving a person partly inoperative. It is obvious that Human Dignity is not believed, thaught and exercised in every country, and in my opinion, lot of work among states, has to be finalised and put into effect, in order to stop these kinds of ridiculous atrocities. Pope announced these words on the 16th February, 2010, regarding human dignity,using these immemorable words: â€Å"Bioethical questions often throw light on the dignity of the person, a fundamental principle which faith in Jesus Christ, has always defended, especially when it is overlooked in dealings with the most simple and defenceless people. Bioethics, like any other discipline, needs guidelines capable of guaranteeing a coherent reading of the ethical questions which inevitably emerge when faced with possible conflicts of interpretation. In this space lies the normative call to natural moral law. Recognising human dignity as an inalienable right has its first foundation in that law unwritten by the hand of man but inscribed by God the Creator in mans heart which all juridical systems are called to recognise as inviolable, and all individuals to respect and promote. Without the basic principle of human dignity it would be difficult to find a wellspring for the rights of the person, and impossible to reach ethical judgements about those scientific advances which have a direct effect on human life. 2 4 On Children and their learning Education is a very important aspect of life. Education derives mostly from school although the surroundings of home takes a big part of it. Children like every human being, are not the same; every child is unique and distinctive, and so every child holds special qualities. During teaching in schools, there can be cases where the teacher, instead of being patient with a student and explains to him/her what the student is not understanding, the teacher mocks, criticizes etc.. the student. And so the child concerned undergoing this accusations and shalmless situation, is being deprived of his dignity. This is shameless as the concerned child/student will feel ashamed, angry and shuts down his thinking because he may be blamed for being ignorant. If the child is repetitively called ignorant or other names, he/she will grow up thinking with the perspective he/she is ignorant. When adults try to teach children by criticizing, lecturing, shaming, ridiculing, giving orders, screaming, threatening and hitting, it shuts down their thinking so they cant learn what the adult intended to teach them to do or not to do; they can only record what is being modelled.† 3 According to Kant: â€Å"Dignity is due to those who are above all price, with no equivalent permitted†. 5 On Poverty Quite interesting to note that about 34 million people in the USA, live below the poverty line, considering that USA is one of the richest countries in the world. What goes wrong the countries to create a large percentage of poverty? Researches and statistics show that there are three elements that the economy was sustained with, which are: the enormous increase in consumer debt, huge transfer of resources in the form of interest payments from debtor countries to Western Banks, and increase in military spending. Unemployment is also a face to poverty, and which it also caused by over population. Poverty to a certain extent, takes away the human dignity as one does not have enough money to supply their children and themselves with food and the daily needs. 6 On Human Trafficking In the case of Human Trafficking there is the Red Cross who tries to fight against it. Human trafficking victims most of the times do not consent or are not aware of what they will be going through, consequently falling into fraud, force and violence. Initially they are transported by means of land or marine means from all over the world, abducted or by means of deceit. It does not mean that humans are trafficked only for sexual exploitation and for the removal of organs but also for forced labour. In other words: â€Å"slavery†. Human trafficking victims most of the times do not consent or are not aware of what they will be going through. We also have modern slavery, where children work long hours and are prisoners to their employers, who enjoy their freedom. Human trafficking takes away all human dignity in every sense and one feels so dirty that it is also an issue of suicide and depression. 7 On the Capital Punishment In certain countries, like the U.S still apply the capital punishment. We humans fight so much for our life and dignity, so I say who are these people to be given the power to judge between life or death? A punishment is always a punishment when it is fair but a capital punishment is it a real adequate punishment? The answer as I see it is NO. And the reason is that I dont see it a measure to kill someone who has killed someone else. This person who is going to be executed will not have the time enough to think profoundly about his sin/s and may not have the possibility to change his lifestyle and maybe live a better life than before. Moreover God taught us humans to forgive. I understand that the state cannot â€Å"forgive† but I truly believe that the state shall keep in mind every humans dignity and punish every individual fairly. Another reason I dont agree, is the for the fact that some humans that undergo a capital punishment turned out later, which took also years, that they were innocent, lets take for example the execution of Carlos DeLuna which took place in Texas in 1989. New evidence after DeLuna was executed showed profound doubt that he was innocent. And like DeLuna are many more others. It interesting to note that the number of persons who were punished by the capital death in 2007, were 53; the lowest number of executions in a decade. Jesus said: Let anyone among you who is without sin, be the first to throw a stone at her. And once again he bent down and wrote on the ground. When they heard it, they went away, one by one, beginning with the elders; and Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before him. Jesus straightened up and said to her, Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you? She said, No one, sir. And Jesus said, Neither do I condemn you. Go your way, and from now on do not sin again. (NRSV, John 8:7-11) 8 On Violence Violence integrates and is associated with many crimes and human dignities. It can derive from terrorism, form human trafficking, and from many other aspects which is also needed in order for a human to survive. I think that Violence is one of the most issues as an assault on Human Dignity. Violence is at different places. In several times it starts at home, and it can take forms of mental and physical. It can be at work and at school, which can fall in many common circumstances of bullying. An interesting fact is that violence is sometimes instigated by the media. To be more clear, a lot of children are exposed to the internet and television and most of the times the films and documentaries which are shown, contain in a way or another violence. Nowadays children no longer play in the streets and enjoy themselves with a small stuff but they are stuck to electronics. Funnily enough even a simple game of Playstation or a Computer Game is full of violence, and the more violence they contain, the happier and enthusiastic children become. Violence is a huge problem and the society, maybe without knowing, is instigating to bring along more violence and therefore less human dignity. The fact is that violence surrounds us in our everyday life even in schools where lately we have heard of violent children who assaulted their teachers and even their schoolmates, one who ripped open an eye of another with a pencil. And what can one say which is worse about the violence and hatred against the immigrants, and foreigners and persons with disability. Racism is also a major problem in which many people suffer because of violent attacks. Contrary to what I said before that many violent acts are also derived from the media, the media in itself is a beneficiary source for showing violence throughout the world. With the help of media and their report, one can make a viewer feel some sensationalism. In the Book â€Å"Violence† by Wolfgang Huber, he acknowledges equal dignity for all human beings and thus the respect for elementary human rights are inviolable principles of coexistence. Huber continues saying that in the Christian tradition and in the Jewish tradition, dignity of human beings is taken seriously only by those who respect the God-given equality of human beings. 9 On Racism â€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.†-Martin Luther King. Such delicate words as spoken by Martin Luther King, from my aspect, he perfectly shows his anger, rage and at the same it symbolizes his heart breaking and love. When Racism comes into act, and people are being racist towards other persons, it demonstrates that same people are not even in love with themselves. Explaining mysel when I say: â€Å"that people are not even in love with themselves†, because in order to start loving other persons which at the end are humans like each and every one of us, and show some concern about them, one must first learn to love themselves. It is hideous and strange, to see around us, families who adopt pets, and takes care of them, and then on the other hand, they cant even try to love nd help other humans! Racism can be labelled as domination, tyrannical, intolerance, discrimination, unfairness, and violence killings against other persons, or groups. Racism can be found in every country of the world, and it may start in schools. Although we live in 2011 and we are supposed to live in a socialised world and although our schools have developed and acheived better quality education, still the battle against Racism, seems to not have taken progress. The world is supposed to be working to reach a well balance congruent and harmonious humanity. The problem in Racism is vast, as many people do not only judge other humans on their apperance like skin clour, but also from the respective country they are coming from concerning also different religions and way of living. It is quite interesting in the History of racism, as it originates from people that were sold as slaves. Thse slaves were called so and were sold because they were of black colour. The period of 1619 till 1865, was a period when the Africana who lived in American were sold as slaves. They vere exposed to a lot of brutality and were not considered as human beings, but as an object and were forced to carry out forced labour. Every human has the right to participate in the community and trying to look for the common good. 4 Racism troops originates from the time of the Ku Klux Klan after the Civil War which was led by General Nathaniel Bedford Forrest. The aim of these groups were to threaten and intimidate slaves. The Ku Klux Klan were also known and remembered for the burning of the crosses and their violence against the slaves. It is said that today the members of the KKK are millions. Each and every one of us, in order to help defeat racism, should speak and integrate, in order to learn from a person who is suffering from racism. 10 On Employment All Human Beings have the right to work! All human beings who are employed shall have a fair wage and are in addition of social benefits. We know that Jesus spent all of his life working, and this helps us understand that a person shall be respected for who she is and not for the work she carries out or the position she has. At work places arises a lot of problems which goes against human dignity like bullying. Bullying could lead to a serious and frightful situation and consequences. This can lead to a great decrease in self-confidence. The dignities aim at work is to guarantee a working bond where everyone s treated with respect and dignity. Another problem which arises at work is the problem of migrants that are explicitly being abused by working very long hours and are not paid enough like every other employee, just because they are immigrants and are of dark colour. These people and many other people in other countries have also lack of policies and insufficient legislation, and apart from racism, this is discrimination. And I ask: â€Å"Do the authorities know about this major problem, and what are they doing in order o help improve the situation?† 11 So what can one do in order to help in achieving better conditions of human dignity? The protection of human dignity is not a non figurative concept. The Red Cross movement is an emergency response unit that takes immediate and physical action, and engages in long term initiatives to promote sustainable development. The human ability to prevent human dignity is nowadays at hazard and requires a lot of efforts. Conclusion Those who want to reveal human dignity must start to search too exist together at the same tme and in the same. This can not only bring to the agreement with the freedom of every individual but that also helps to unfold their freedom. I humbly believe that every human being has a dignity, and every human being should be respected and protected, as Human Dignity exactly means that every person deserves respect because every step of human life is precious and is worthy of having respect and protection and if a person is taken from him the right to life, the dignity automatically is taken away from him.

Development of the Bond Market in Bangladesh Essay

It is a privilege to be here this morning at this pioneering event, and I would like to congratulate the Bangladesh Bank and the Securities and Exchange Commission for hosting the first-ever international workshop on the development of bond market in Bangladesh. Bond markets link issuers having long-term financing needs with investors willing to place funds in long-term, interest-bearing securitiBangladeshes. has both the issuers and the investors in place but it still has not been able to link them effectively through a bond market. The positive effect of developing a domestic bond market on the economy is well-known. On the one hand, bond markets are essential for a country to enter a sustained phase of development driven by market-based capital allocation and increased avenues for raising debt capital. On the other hand, the central position occupied by domestic bond markets in markedly increasing the resilience of a country’s financial system and insulating it against external shocks, contagion and reduction of access to international capital markets is established. Capital markets are essentially about matching the needs of investors with those that need capital for development. Bangladesh has no shortage of both such parties, a young and dynamic population that increasingly wants, and is able to, make provision for lifetime events, to save for children’s education, for the possibility of ill health and ultimately for old age and retirement. On the other side of the equation, Bangladesh has a pressing need for investment resources to bolster its stretched infrastructure resources, to build more power stations, bridges, ports and gas-pipelines to empower the people in the development of enterprise and the creation of jobs. Debt markets are an extremely effective mechanism for matching the long term needs of savers with those of entrepreneurs. Term capital is a precious commodity and it has been a frustration to see the process of long term savings, such as provident funds and life insurance contracts, being invested in short term instruments such as bank deposits, a process we call ‘reverse term transformation’ but we could equally call it â€Å"reverse alchemy† in which the gold of term capital is turned into the lead of short term iabilities. As a development institution it is our goal to establish sustainable capacity. As Bangladesh has led the world in its development of the microfinance industry, you have impressed us all with your ability to mobilize funds for productive purposes at the community level in the villages. What we need to see now is a similar degree of success at the institutional level in terms of mobilizing resources for infrastructure and other uses of long ter m funds. At the World Bank, we would like to help you in this endeavor; it is much more useful that Taka funds are mobilized to fund projects whose sole revenue source will be in Taka. I am sure that it is a shared ambition of us all that Bangladesh should play a larger role in mobilizing its own capital resources and reducing the dependency upon donor institutions such as ourselves. We at the World Bank would like to work with you to this end, so that we can move on from providing infrastructure finance for sustainable development to a higher level of developing a sustainable, national, infrastructure financing capacity. Bond markets in most countries are built on the same basic elements: a number of issuers with long-term financing needs, investors with a need to place savings or other liquid funds in interest-bearing securities, intermediaries that bring together investors and issuers, and an infrastructure that provides a conducive environment for securities transactions, ensures legal title to securities and settlement of transactions, and provides price discovery information. The regulatory regime provides the basic framework for bond markets and, indeed, for capital markets in general. Efficient bond markets are characterized by a competitive market structure, low transaction costs, low levels of fragmentation, a robust and safe market infrastructure, and a high level of heterogeneity among market participants. It is my hope that this Workshop will debate and discuss the various initiatives that are necessary to develop the intermediaries, infrastructure and the regulatory regime so that a vibrant bond market becomes a reality in Bangladesh soon. An important element of a domestic bond market is the government bond market. Development of a government bond market provides a number of important benefits if the pre-requisites to a sound development are in place. At the macroeconomic policy level, a government securities market provides an avenue for domestic funding of budget deficits and avoid a build-up of foreign currency-denominated debt. A government securities market can also strengthen the transmission and implementation of monetary policy, including the achievement of monetary targets or inflation objectives, and can enable the use of market-based indirect monetary policy instruments. The existence of such a market not only can enable authorities to smooth consumption and investment expenditures in response to shocks, but if coupled with sound debt management, can also help governments reduce their exposure to interest rate risk – a situation that is looming large in the National Savings Certificates market, currency, and other financial risks. Finally, a shift toward market-oriented funding of government budget deficits will reduce debt-service costs over the medium to long term through development of a deep and liquid market for government securities. The prerequisites for establishing an efficient government domestic currency securities market include a credible and stable government; sound fiscal and monetary policies; effective legal, tax, and regulatory infrastructure; smooth and secure settlement arrangements; and a liberalized financial system with competing intermediaries. Since pension and life insurance reform helps in the development of government securities market, starting the process of pension and insurance reform now might be prudent because of the time it takes to feel the positive impact of such reforms on the capital market. While some of these prerequisites have already been met, I hope that this Workshop will discuss the initiatives, their prioritization and the time horizon for their implementation, which will be necessary for putting the rest in place. Before ending, I would like to table a few suggestions for consideration in the Workshop. These are: 1. Creating a bond market in Bangladesh will be a long process, and the hard work of many architects, artisans and craftsmen will be required in the construction. I am optimistic that the foundations are now in place and this seminar is going to be one of many uilding blocks that will help create the market framework. This framework must be solid if a bond market is to gain investors’ confidence and hence allow public and private sectors to raise capital for the much needed investments in Bangladesh. 2. To ease the process, the Government bonds must come first. To increase the attractiveness of these bonds and to ensure their soundness, Banglades h Bank will need to continue its initiatives to develop the secondary market, lower transaction costs and improve upon the market infrastructure to support secondary market liquidity. The Bangladesh Bank has already achieved a great deal to this end in a very short time. It was not so long ago that government debt market trading was effectively zero; now we see a disciplined, organized market taking shape with maturities in traded securities out to ten years. We congratulate the Governor and his team for their achievements in this field and are proud if we have been able to play some small part in support of the Government and the Bangladesh Bank in this success. 3. Banks are invariably amongst the major users of long term debt markets in order to raise long-term subordinate debt to supplement their capital bases. Many regulators now actively encourage the issuance of debt by banks in the local currency market as a step towards the discipline of â€Å"market monitoring† envisaged in the Basel II capital adequacy regime. It is probably the case that the state of the banking system in Bangladesh makes this a medium-term project, however, we have already been presently surprised by the progress we have seen in several fields in terms of banking sector reform and debt market development. A prior requirement to facilitate issuance of fixed income capital instruments is the adoption of international accounting standards, and more effective enforcement of Bangladesh Bank’s supervisory standards. The increased use of credit rating agencies has often accompanied this development, but this can add value only to the extent that the opinion of the rating agencies is valued by the market. We have noted with interest the nascent development of a debt rating capacity in Bangladesh and hope to see this sector rise to international standards. . One other extremely important role that debt markets can play is in the development of the housing finance market, an area of activity where the ordinary citizens need to have access to long-term loans to fulfill their dream of owning their own property. While capital markets can not bring down the price of real estate in Bangladesh, efficient capital markets can make housing more affordable, and more attainable, through extending t he maturity of loans and lowering monthly repayment terms. 5. Not only will a bond market require good financial foundations, but long-term investment institutions will also need to be developed with demand for longer maturity assets. The insurance and pension markets are currently not fully developed in Bangladesh. These markets should be reformed as they are the natural buyers of long-term securities. We understand that the Ministry of Commerce is now in the process of disseminating much awaited investment guidelines which will allow insurance companies to offer more competitive products to their clients by allowing them to invest more productively, and securely, in the capital markets. Reform and development of the pension sector, combined with a new approach to the NSS, should be next on the agenda. 6. The World Bank is already working with the Government and Bangladesh Bank on some of these key issues, and we shall be ready to work further with them within the limits of our own comparative advantage. We have been extremely pleased to see the coordinated approach of the Bangladesh Bank, Ministry of Finance, the SEC and the National Board of Revenue to work with IPDC to bring the first securitization transaction to market in Bangladesh. This has been one solid step towards mobilizing finance for entrepreneurs and has confounded those skeptics who thought that securitization is â€Å"too sophisticated† for Bangladesh. Perhaps those skeptics would benefit from seeing the collected talent and enthusiasm for development gathered here in this room today. We would very much like to hope that the next securitization will be another transaction close to our heart, that of the securitization of a portion of the toll revenues of the Jamuna Bridge. The IPDC loan securitization was a long time in the making and the Jamuna Bridge securitization appears to be following the same path. This is a transaction which all experts agree would have a major positive impact not only on capital market development in Bangladesh, but also in mobilizing taka finance for other strategic infrastructure developments such as the proposed Padma Bridge. We can only hope that the Jamuna Bridge securitization will enjoy the same long term success. To facilitate this process, it would be useful to have designated counterparts from the Government and Bangladesh Bank. Such a crucial market as a domestic bond market needs excellent domestic regulation and supervision if investors and borrowers are not to be disappointed or worse. It cannot be created by outsiders. Along with you all, I am eagerly looking forward to the technical sessions, which have been very well-organized. In conclusion, I would urge the participants to discuss the issues at length and provide some specific recommendations for the Government, Bangladesh Bank, the SEC, and indeed all the stakeholders, which can be implemented immediately. This could pave the path for a well-functioning bond market that can change the existing bank-oriented financial system to a multilayered system, where capital markets can complement bank financing. I wish the workshop and its participants all success.

Minimal Impact of Organic Chemistry Prerequisite Essay

The authors investigated whether the assumption that the successful completion of prerequisite courses has positive impact on student performance on courses that require the prerequisite. Specifically, Wright, Cotner and Winkel investigated the impact of completing Organic Chemistry course which is a prerequisite course in some curriculum for Introductory Chemistry course to student performance on the latter course. The investigators obtained their data from the University of Minnesota Data Warehouse for performance and characteristics of students enrolled in Biochemistry 3021 (Bioc 3021) from fall of 2003 to summer of 2006. Repeating students were excluded in their investigation while student grades in Bioc 3021, General Chemistry 1 and 2, and Organic Chemistry 1 (Chem 2301) were included in the analysis. The investigators analyzed students entering as freshmen separately from transfer students. The authors explained that â€Å"Bioc 3021 is an introductory biochemistry course for non-biochemistry majors† with prerequisites of one semester of introductory biology, two semesters of introductory chemistry with laboratory and one semester of organic chemistry lecture (Wright et. al. , 2009, 46). Note that majority of the students taking up Bioc 3021 are not from the University’s College of Biological Science, who are required to take the course except for biochemistry majors who have a different course to take. 69 percent of student analyzed were from other colleges, with 19 percent coming from the College of Continuing Education and were â€Å"likely to be taking the course in preparation for application to health-related professional schools† (Wright et. al. , 2009, 46). It is also important to note that during the inclusive dates of analysis, the prerequisite were not strictly enforced, allowing students to register into any course whether or not they have successfully completed its prerequisites. The authors also reported that the grades in Bioc 3021 of students who completed Chem 2301 was only 0. 07 points higher than those who did not. The analysis included all students who took Bioc 3021 for the first time and including those who took Chem 2301 regardless of the grade obtained. This implies that the average grades that the students earned in Bioc 3021 are similar regardless of whether they have completed the prerequisite course Chem 2301. Concerning the GPA of students who took the Bioc 3021, those who have completed the organic chemistry prerequisite had an average GPA of 2. 92 while those who did not had an average of 3. 18—significantly lower than those who had completed the prerequisite. Furthermore, the authors explained that none of the students who had successfully completed the organic chemistry prerequisite before taking Bioc 3021 had an a cumulative GPA of zero while there were 47 out of 815 students who had not taken the prerequisite course had cumulative GPA of zero. However, the data revealed that the student who had acquired a cumulative GPA of zero had no earned credits at the University of Minnesota prior to taking Bioc 3021 implying that they were new students who probably â€Å"globally failed, withdrew, or stopped attending all of their classes† in some other university. Wright et al. (2009) explained that if these students were excluded in their analysis, the average cumulative GPA of students who had not completed the Chem 2301 prerequisite prior to taking Bioc 2301 would be 2. 817—surprisingly higher than those who had completed the prerequisite. In summary, the study concluded that â€Å"no improvement in performance in Bioc 3021 could be attributed to completion of the organic chemistry prerequisite† (Wright et. al. , 2009, 48) On the other hand, the data that the investigators have gathered revealed that students who had not completed the organic chemistry were more likely to withdraw from the Introductory Biochemistry course than those who had completed the prerequisite—with 10. 7 and 4. 8 percent mortality rate respectively. Their data also revealed that the completion of the prerequisite may have more value for transfer students than from students admitted from high school of the University of Minnesota. Section 4 This article is related directly to the course of Introductory Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry—a course included in some curriculum as a prerequisite to the former. Section 5 The investigators have only evaluated the impact of the Organic Chemistry prerequisite to student performance in Introductory Biochemistry in the University of Minnesota. While their data revealed minimal impact, the results were insufficient to generally claim that student performances in Introductory Biochemistry do not directly correlate to completing prerequisite courses or not. Similar investigations could be performed in other universities that could reinforce or refute the conclusions made by the investigators. Article may be downloaded from http://www. lifescied. org/cgi/reprint/8/1/44? maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=biochemistry&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT Reference Wright, R. , Cotner, S. , and Winkel, A. (2009). Minimal Impact of Organic Chemistry Prerequisite on Student Performance in Introductory Biochemistry. CBE Life Science Education, 8, 44-54.

Analysis of The Film - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1569 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Short film: The Chaperone Have you ever seen anything so moving, so much so that it touches your soul? The Chaperones is exactly that. This short film takes place in the early 1970s with two exclusive narrators Ralph and Stefan. In this short film the events that are shown are based on a true story, accompanied by some handmade animations and plenty of miniature sets. The Chaperone a film by Fraser Munden encourages the importance of standing up for ourselves. As the short film starts the narrator explains in simple detail the mindset of a student, how they correlate teachers with school. With a first-person narrated feel, it is explained that educators are seen in a certain type of light, they are special and absolutely not human. Ralph, the school teacher in this film, was oddly dressed in basketball shorts as he always did in order to play basketball, like any other person; This of course was incredibly strange to all his students, as they were shocked to see a teacher in human clothes, woah. Setting up the mood for the short film. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of The Film" essay for you Create order Diving into this film, we are given a sense of utopia. Taking place in the Montreal, 1973, the story begins to unfold. The setting takes place in a church basement dance that is held every Friday night. Most of the participants in this dance ranged from the age of 12-14 years old, an innocent age. Of course, the chaperones that were entrusted that night consisted of Stefan â€Å" a disk jockey, Peter â€Å" working at the refreshments counter, and Ralph â€Å" the appointed chaperone, which is also the teacher from beforehand wearing the basketball attire. A very wholesome group of individuals. This is where the trouble begins. As any other tame Friday night, everyone was having a good time at the dance. Suddenly, a group of bikers came strolling in with intention of creating chaos, most ranging from 18-40 years old. These bikers, twenty or so of them, are explained to be different with their leather jackets, tattoos, gang affiliation, drugs, and no sense of respect â€Å" simply scary. With the intention of dominating that church, the bikers begin to torment the students/young crowd, dousing them with beer, picking up the incredibly young girls and placing them on their much older lap, and finally peacocking, as explained by the two narrators, Stefan and Ralph, as staying in a group and showing off their ability to intimidate others with their frightening appearance. We are then introduced to a new form of intimidation, miniature sets. The miniature sets were built to personify the feel of when anyone goes into a frightening neighborhood but is surprisingly represented by puppets. Absolutely terrifying. These puppets create the outlook of regular folk being driven by a pink sheep dog in the bad part of the city. This pink sheep dog represents a more powerful leader and the human like puppets represent the quite ignorant and scared part of humanity. They enter into this neighborhood which is littered with blue wolfs, these wolfs are wearing gold chains and wife beaters on, handling miscellaneous sorts of drugs, being involved with violent paraphernalia, and to top it off, it has the added sounds of police sirens blaring in the background. The pink sheep dog, who is driving, then steps out of the vehicle and protects its humanoid puppets. So, why all the different miniature sets? According to Signey Sheldon the neural structures critical for constructing spatial relations are also important for vividly remembering the past and constructing imagined scenarios (Sheldon, 2017). Meaning that when trying to successfully train, or teach, visual aids of more than one form is very effective as it toggles the brain to remember to a specific event because of our ability to recall visual aids in a simple manner. In this case Ralph represents the strong pink sheep dog, a protector. As he becomes aware of the kids, that he was entrusted with, becoming terrified, he then breaks the tension by stating oh boy this looks like a problem when you are so called a chaperone, or you have people under your charge, the responsibility lies to you to make sure that nothing goes wrong, that youre protecting them, and things work out quite well and you have to. The Chaperone (Fraser, 2013). This is the part of the film that gets interesting. As Ralph, whom was speaking, begins to put his thoughts and words into play, he decides to take charge and take control of the situation. He tries to reason with the biker gang, but it is to no avail. From the three mens clothing, early 70s style, the bikers knew they were push overs. They were wrong, as they got a rude awakening. The three adults protecting these children were afraid of the biker gang except for Ralph, he ordered lock the doors, lets stop this. Ralph was ready to protect. This engaged a scenery of epic proportion. The fight scene. Although Stefan was terrified of the biker gang, he was the first to throw a stool to Ralph and like a super hero, Ralph catches it in midair. He begins to swing from left and right, peter turns off the light, and both Ralph and Stephan start throwing heavy metal foldable chairs into the air hitting several bikers. This didnt last so long as the bikers retaliated and started throwing them back, accidently hitting a kid which caused Peter to turn on the lights. This aggravated Ralph, causing him, just him, to move into them. He then asked You wanna fight?. How iconic is that question. He then finds the leader and knocks him out; causing a flurry of exploding pi? ±ata heads â€Å" another miniature set. This particular miniature set undoubtedly changes the whole setting. As the fights progress, we are met with heavier rock music and explosions of course. This entices the audience to feel justice in the world. Ralph then starts to throw punches, karate moves, and when any of the bikers tried to get up he would knock them right back down. As we imagine this scene, one cannot help but think violence is bad, Daniel Sweeney says The law of self-defense is a law of necessity; the right of self-defense arises only when the necessity begins, and equally ends with the necessity; and never must the necessity be greater than when the force employed defensively is deadly. (Sweeney, 2016). Meaning that self-defense is the only acceptable time to fight, no matter the cost, self-defense is a right. We must embrace the right but not abuse of it. Very humbly, Ralph admits in this story that it was not his punches or moves that kept the bikers down as most were under the influence of drugs, lowering their reflexes. Stefan and peter then stepped in and took care of one biker each. On the other hand, Ralph, the non-human teacher took care of the rest of these bikers with his fists. The story ends with the police arriving, and the narrators explaining that this specific fight lasted for about ten minutes to its audience. When the police question the incidents that took place, all they replied was these boys came in, this is what happened. This was acceptable back in those days, even the parents of the youngsters agreed with these acts of heroism. Stephan then sidetracks to an animated representation of survival of the fittest using an ostrich and a baboon, where the baboon tries to steal an ostrich egg but fails. Stephan explains if you are weak, people pick on you, they take advantage and if you dont respond to what they do, theyll just continually badge you and pick on you, you have to frighten them, and you have to attack first. The idea isnt to attack first, because most of these guys dont know how to fight, thats the reason why theres strength in numbers, thats the reason why they travel in gangs, because single one or two of them out and theyre pussies. Its as simple as that. Absolutely incredible. This short film is action packed, good vs. evil and is very wholesome up until the very end. With a non-scripted first-person narrated voice, we are walked through the entire events that occurred. The hand drawn animation, the miniature sets of puppets, and animated animation truly bring this short film to life. With all the fun that is represented, it seems as if the target audience was not just one group of people, but everyone. The entire vibe of this film is not to be aggressive, although explosions and rock music are fun, truly the message is perceived as our right to stand up and defend ourselves, no matter the size of the other person. we must be brave. Works Cited Munden, Fraser The Chaperone 2013. Short film. Published October 30, 2013. https://www.shortoftheweek.com. Accessed September 5,2018. Sheldon, Signey, et al. Individual Differences in Visual Imagery Determine How Event Information Is Remembered. Memory (Hove, England), vol.25, no. 3, Mar. 2017, pp. 360-369. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1080/09658211.2016.1178777. Accessed September 15,2018. SWEENEY, DANIEL. Standing up to Stand Your Ground Laws: How the Modern Nra-Inspired Self Defense Statutes Destroy the Principle of Necessity, disrupt the Criminal Justice System, and Increase Overall Violence. Cleveland State Law Review, vol. 64, no.3, July 2016, pp. 714-746. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=asnAN=116641169site=eds-liveauthtype=ip,uidCustID=s6735259. Accessed September 15,2018.